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Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system: the case of Bohai Bay (China)

Wenqian CAI,Wei MENG,Lusan LIU,Kuixuan LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 737-746 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0617-x

摘要： Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) in April, 2008, three biotic indices (AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i.e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, -statistic can’t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environmental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size of macrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.

关键词： AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index Shannon-Wiener Index W-statistic ecological status coastal system Bohai Bay (China)

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海洋运载工程发展战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋运载课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 10-18 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.002

摘要：

海洋运载装备是认知海洋、开发海洋、利用海洋、维护海洋权益的基础和保障。本文结合海洋运载工程与科技发展的战略需求，在深入剖析国内外发展现状与差距的基础上，明确海洋运载工程与科技未来的发展方向和趋势，研究提出我国海洋运载装备发展的战略定位、目标、战略任务与重点领域，并提出相应的措施和政策建议，供行业相关部门参考。

关键词：海洋运载装备重要保障工程与科技发展战略

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Drinking water biotic safety of particles and bacteria attached to fines in activated carbon process

CHEN Wei, LIN Tao, WANG Leilei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 280-285 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0047-8

摘要： In this paper, the drinking water biotic safety of particles and bacteria attached to fines in activated carbon process was investigated by actual treatment process and advanced treatment pilot trial with granular activated carbon. In the experiment, the particles were detected by IBR particle calculating instrument, the activated carbon fines were counted on the basis of the most probable number (MPN) with a microscope, the total number of bacteria was analyzed between the conventional agar culture medium and the one with R2A, and the bacteria attached to activated carbon fines was resolved by the homogenization technique. The experimental results showed that the average total number of particles was 205 CNT/mL in the activated carbon effluent during a filter cycle, of which the number of particles with sizes >2 μm was 77 CNT/mL more than the present particle control criterion of the American drinking water product standard (50 CNT/mL). The backwash of low density and long duration lowered particle number in the effluent. The MPN of activated carbon fines in the effluent was between 400 and 600 CNT/L, which accounted for less than 5 0 of the total particles from activated carbon filtration for a poor relative level ( = 0.34). The microorganisms in activated carbon effluent consisted mostly of heterotrophic bacillus and the total bacteria number was five times as high as that of the inflow, i.e. the effluent from sand filter. The actual bacteria number may be truly indicated by the detection technique with R2A culture medium compared with the traditional agar cultivation. The inactivation efficiency of bacteria attached to activated carbon fines was less than 40% under 1.1 mg/L of chlorine contacting for 40 min. Results showed that the particles and bacteria attached to activated carbon fines may influence drinking water biotic safety, and that the effective control measures need to be further investigated.

关键词： particle number process cultivation activated relative

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蓝色海洋生物资源开发战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋生物资源课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 32-40 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.004a

摘要：

为了提升海洋生物资源的开发能力，推进海洋强国的建设，中国工程院于2011年启动了“中国海洋生物资源工程与科技发展战略研究”重大咨询课题研究。课题从海水养殖、资源养护、远洋渔业、质量安全与加工流通、海洋药物与生物制品五个重要领域开展咨询调查研究，系统分析研究了发展现状、趋势和战略需求，提出了多层面地开发利用海洋生物资源的“养护、拓展、高技术”三大发展战略和推进蓝色海洋生物产业“可持续、安全、现代工程化”发展的三大战略目标及其任务，建议国家优先启动“蓝色海洋食物开发工程”和“蓝色海洋药物与生物制品关键技术开发工程”两个重点研发专项。

关键词：蓝色海洋生物资源开发发展战略研发专项

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世界海洋工程与科技的发展趋势与启示

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”项目综合组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 126-130 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.016

摘要：

本文通过对世界海洋工程与科技发展所呈现的海洋开发技术和设备不断进步推动海洋资源全面开发利用，海洋能源开发利用已成为各海洋国家发展的重要支柱，海洋生物资源开发一直是世界各国竞争热点，海洋污染控制和防范受到国际社会的高度关注，海陆关联工程与技术在现代海洋开发中发挥越来越重要的作用等特点与趋势的梳理与分析，获得如下启示：强化全民海洋意识，推进海洋强国战略；加强科技创新，提升海洋工程与科技的竞争力；优化产业结构，大力扶持海洋新兴产业；健全管理体制，建立协调发展机制；加强海洋保护，保障资源可持续利用。

关键词：海洋工程海洋科技发展趋势启示

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中国海洋工程科技2035发展战略研究

“中国工程科技2035发展战略研究”海洋领域课题组

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第1期页码 108-117 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.01.016

摘要：

提高海洋资源开发能力，发展海洋经济，保护海洋生态环境，坚决维护国家海洋权益，建设海洋强国是我国重要的长期发展战略目标。从全球视野和经略海洋能力来看，我国尚处于探索和开发海洋的初步阶段，需要将海洋资源探查、工程开发利用、环境保护和国家权益维护作为有机整体，开展海洋强国建设的顶层设计。本研究通过一系列海洋跨学科交叉和集成的技术预见分析，研判我国海洋领域的重要技术方向。从海洋环境立体观测技术与装备、海底资源勘查与开发、海洋生物资源勘查与开发、海水和海洋能资源综合利用、海洋环境安全保障及海洋开发装备6个关键领域，提出了面向2035的我国海洋工程科技的愿景、发展重点、发展战略及发展途径。

关键词：海洋工程科技发展战略技术预见海洋强国

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The Building of Papermaking Enterprise’s Recycling Economy Evaluation Index System Based on Value Flow

Zhi-fang Zhou,Jing Ou,Sha-sha Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 9-17 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016009

摘要： At present, the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad. But for the papermaking enterprise, which is the representative of the light industry, few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy. Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units. The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy, and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process. Considering the resource output, the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system, and then preliminarily determine the index form. Next, the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators, forming a preliminary index system. After that, the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening. Finally, the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.

关键词： circular economy the papermaking enterprise material flow analysis value flow analysis evaluation index system

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船舶配套业发展研究

汤敏,邱晓峰,胡发国,陈琛

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 72-75 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.008

摘要：

推进船舶配套自主化，对完善我国船舶工业体系，真正发挥船舶工业对国民经济的带动作用具有重要的意义。本文结合国外造船强国配套业的发展，分析了我国船舶配套业的现状及存在的问题，对推进我国船舶配套自主化提出若干建议。

关键词：船舶配套业自主化推进

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海洋环境与生态工程发展战略研究

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”海洋环境与生态课题组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 41-48 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.004

摘要：

本文系统阐述了海洋环境与生态工程发展战略研究的意义，分析了我国海洋环境与生态发展的现状，结合世界海洋环境与生态工程发展的经验以及我国面临的主要问题，提出了我国海洋环境与生态发展的战略目标、主要任务和政策建议。

关键词：海洋环境生态工程战略研究

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Toward energy finance market transition: Does China’s oil futures shake up global spots market?

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 409-424 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0207-3

摘要： China is breaking through the petrodollar system, establishing RMB-dominating crude oil futures market. The country is achieving a milestone in its transition to energy finance market internationalization. This study explores the price leadership of China’s crude oil futures and identifies its price co-movement to uncover whether it truly shakes up the global oil spots market. First, we find that for oil spots under different gravities, China’s oil futures is only a net price information receiver from light-, medium-, and heavy-gravity oil spots, but it has a relatively stronger price co-movement with these three spots. Second, for oil spots under different sulfur contents, China’s oil futures still has weak price leadership in sweet, neutral, and sour oil spots, but it has strong co-movement with them. Third, for oil spots under different geographical origins, China’s oil futures shows price leadership in East Asian and Australian oil spots at the medium- and long-run time scales and strong price co-movement with East Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American and Australian oil spots. China’s oil futures may not have good price leadership in global spots market, but it features favorable price co-movement.

关键词： China’s oil futures price information spillover price co-movement BK spillover index BDECO model

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海洋工程技术强国战略

“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”项目综合组

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第2期页码 1-9 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.02.001

摘要：

为了推进海洋强国建设，中国工程院于2011年启动了“中国海洋工程与科技发展战略研究”重大咨询项目研究。本文从海洋探测、海洋运载、海洋能源、海洋生物资源、海洋环境和海陆关联6个重要工程技术领域开展咨询调查研究，系统分析了海洋工程与科技发展的机遇与战略需求，提出了发展战略和任务。明确提出建设海洋强国，科技必须先行，必须首先建设海洋工程技术强国，建议国家加大海洋工程技术的发展力度，加快实施海洋工程科技创新驱动和现代海洋产业发展推进两大计划。

关键词：海洋工程技术强国发展战略和任务对策建议保障措施

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中国海洋渔业可持续发展及其高技术需求

唐启升

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第2期页码 7-9

摘要：

文章根据中国海洋渔业发展现状和影响可持续发展的主要问题，提出了海洋渔业可持续发展需要支持的5项高技术研究。

关键词：海洋渔业可持续发展高技术

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Comparison of evapotranspiration and energy partitioning related to main biotic and abiotic controllers

Lei GAO, Peng ZHAO, Shaozhong KANG, Sien LI, Ling TONG, Risheng DING, Hongna LU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 490-504 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019310

摘要：

Knowledge of evapotranspiration (ET) and energy partitioning is useful for optimizing water management, especially in areas where water is scarce. A study was undertaken in a furrow-irrigated vineyard (2015) and a drip-irrigated vineyard (2017) in an arid region of north-west China to compare vineyard ET and energy partitioning and their responses to soil water content (SWC) and leaf area index (LAI). ET and soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) were determined using eddy covariance, microlysimeters, and sap flow. Seasonal average E/ET, T/ET, crop coefficient (Kc), evaporation coefficient (Ke), and basal crop coefficient (Kcb) were 0.50, 0.50, 0.67, 0.35, and 0.29, respectively, in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.42, 0.58, 0.57, 0.29, and 0.43 in the drip-irrigated vineyard. The seasonal average partitioning of net radiation (Rn) into the latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H) and soil heat flux (G) (LE/Rn, H/Rn, and G/Rn), evaporative fraction (EF) and Bowen ratio (β) were 0.57, 0.26, 0.17, 0.69 and 0.63, respectively, in the furrow-irrigated vineyard and 0.46, 0.36, 0.17, 0.57 and 0.97 in the drip-irrigated vineyard. The LE/Rn, H/Rn, EF, and β were linearly correlated with LAI. The E, Kc, Ke, E/ET, LE/Rn, LEs/Rn (ratio of LE by soil E to Rn), H/Rn, EF and β were closely correlated with topsoil SWC (10 cm depth). Responses of ET and energy partitioning to the LAI and SWC differed under the two irrigation methods. Drip irrigation reduced seasonal average E/ET and increased average T/ET. From the perspective of energy partitioning, seasonal average H/Rn increased whereas LE/Rn, especially LEs/Rn, decreased. Compared with furrow irrigation, drip irrigation decreased the proportion of unproductive water consumption thereby contributing to enhanced water use efficiency and accumulation of dry matter.

关键词： crop coefficient eddy covariance microlysimeter sap flow soil evaporation transpiration

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Numerical modeling of cavitation on spillway’s flip bucket

Abbas PARSAIE,Sadegh DEHDAR-BEHBAHANI,Amir Hamzeh HAGHIABI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 438-444 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0337-y

摘要： Numerical modeling of hydraulic phenomenon by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approaches is one of the main parts in the high cost hydraulic structure studies. In this paper, using Flow 3D as CFD commercial tool, the cavitation phenomenon was assessed along spillway's flip bucket of the Balaroud dam. Performance of numerical modeling was compared to the physical model, which was constructed to this purpose. During numerical modeling, it was found that RNG turbulence model is a suitable performance for modeling the cavitation. Physical modeling shows that minimum cavitation index is about 0.85 and minimum cavitation index based on Flow 3D results is about 0.665, which was related to the flood discharge with return period of 10000 years. The main difference between numerical and physical modeling is related to the head of velocity, which is considered in physical modeling. Results of numerical simulation show that occurrence of cavitation based on cavitation index equal to 0.25 is not possible along the spillway.

关键词： cavitation Index numerical simulation spillway’s flip Bucket CFD Balaroud Dam physical modeling

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Management strategies of marine food resources under multiple stressors with particular reference ofthe Yellow Sea large marine ecosystem

Qisheng TANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 85-90 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014021

摘要：

In this study two main management strategies are discussed: one is to develop resource conservation-based capture fisheries, and the other is to develop environmentally friendly aquaculture. During the resource recovery period, the development of environmentally friendly aquaculture should be encouraged, especially in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, which is adaptive, efficient and sustainable. For future development and better understanding the ecosystem, it is necessary to further strengthen basic research.

关键词： marine ecosystem management strategies food resources Yellow Sea